Introduction to
Islamic Economics
DEFINITION
• “Islamic economics is a social science which studies the economic
problems of a people imbued with the values of Islam.” (Mannan, (1986))
• “The term ‘Islamic economics’ may be justified as identification of
the area of studies that is based on the assumption of the existence of Islamic
axioms in the socio-political-cum-legal environment and the system of values
and ethics which guide the economic behaviour of men and women in an Islamic
society.” Kahf (1999).
• “Islamic economics represents a systematic effort to try to
understand the economic problem and man’s behaviour in relation to that problem
from an Islamic perspective.”(K. Ahmad (1992).
• “Islamic economics is the knowledge and the application of the
injunctions and the rules of the Shariah in regard to acquisition and disposal
of the available resources for providing satisfaction to the individuals in
order to enable them to perform their obligations to Allah and the society.” (Hasanuzzaman
(1994)
The Problems of Conv. Economics
Double Failures (Chapra,
2001):
• Gagal merumuskan visi
– Visi material welfare vs the true welfare
– Dikotomi positif Vs normatif
– Kontradiksi micro ecs vs macro ecs.
• Gagal menemukan mekanisme untuk mencapai visi
– Pasar liberal gagal mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat
– Dikotomisasi positive dan normative, tetapi
cenderung positivistik.
– Teori, model, kebijakan dan masyarakat ekonomi dikembangkan oleh berada dalam lingkup tradisi sekulerisme.
– Menempatkan falsafah individualism, mechanistic naturalism, dan utilitarianism
sebagai dasar dalam penyusunan teori dan model ekonominya.
• Dikotomi ekonomi positif vs
normatif bertentangan dengan
karakteristik dasar ilmu sosial dan fakta empiris perekonomian dunia.
• Para Marxian biasa
menyatakan “all social sciences are ideologies in disguise”.
• Menurut Lakatos, setiap teori dalam ilmu pengetahuan terdiri atas dua bagian, yaitu (1) inti,
yaitu landasan metafisis yang
bersifat tetap dan dianggap given, diyakini
dengan tidak perlu diverifikasi, serta (2) hipotesis, yaitu komponen
yang berubah-ubah yang nantinya akan diuji kebenarannya (verifikasi atau
falsifikasi)
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